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Data Pipeline

In today’s data-driven landscape, where decision-making heavily relies on data, the demand for streamlined and impactful data management has never been more critical. This is precisely where the concept of a data pipeline comes into the spotlight.

What is a Data Pipeline?

At its most basic level, a data pipeline can be seen as an aggregator or even a manifold that takes data from multiple sources and distributes that data to multiple destinations, eliminating the need for multiple bespoke systems. As the data transits the pipeline, it may also be acted upon, essentially shaped based on organizational needs and/or the requirements of a receiving system.

The internals of a data pipeline can be viewed as a series of steps or processes that shape the data in motion as it travels from its source to its destination. These tools and techniques perform an ETL (extraction, transformation, and loading) type function on the raw data and shape it into a format suitable for analysis.

Data pipelines are built using a combination of software tools, technologies, and coding scripts. Many companies offer data or observability pipelines. They share many common features like routing, filtering, and shaping, but each vendor also has some unique values. In addition to buying a data pipeline solution, some organizations may use open-source tools to build their own, either for cost-saving or to address specific issues in their enterprise. However, once it’s built, you have to maintain it forever, which might prove to be more expensive and complex than an off-the-shelf solution.

Types of Data Pipelines

Data pipelines come in a variety of types, some designed for a specific purpose, while others support a range of functionalities. Understanding them is crucial to optimizing data processing strategies. It enables enterprises to leverage the right approach for their specific needs and objectives. Let’s explore these types in more depth.

Batch processing
This pipeline function is specifically designed to process large volumes of data in batches at scheduled intervals. It excels in handling large datasets that do not require real-time analysis. By moving data in batches, it optimizes efficiency and resource utilization.

Streaming Data
As the name suggests, this function is designed to handle streaming data in real-time. It is particularly useful for applications that require immediate analysis and response, such as fraud detection and monitoring system performance. Processing data on arrival enables fast decision-making and proactive actions.

Hybrid Data Pipeline
Most data pipelines have some capability to support both capabilities. Combining elements from both to handle real-time and batch-processing needs. This flexibility allows companies to efficiently manage diverse data processing requirements, ensuring both immediate insights and comprehensive analysis.

Deployment Modes
Data pipelines are available as both cloud (SaaS) and on-premise (SW) solutions. The choice of deployment model is user-specific and may depend on security concerns and the location of data sources and destinations. Some vendors offer hybrid solutions that leverage both cloud and hardware/SW components.

Data Pipeline Architecture

The architecture of a data pipeline can vary significantly, depending on the specific needs and complexities involved in managing the data. Some common components typically included in a data pipeline are:

Data Source
This encompasses a wide range of sources from which raw data is collected, including databases, files, web APIs, data stores, and other forms of data repositories. These diverse sources provide a comprehensive and varied pool of information that serves as the foundation for data analysis and decision-making processes. Think of it like this: before you can ingest data, you must attach a source to a data pipeline.

Agent / Extractor
This component is actually external to the pipeline. Typically, it’s located on the data source or between the source and the pipeline and plays a pivotal role in the data processing for seamless retrieval of data from its designated source. Its role is to efficiently collect and transfer data to the pipeline, playing an integral role in getting the right data into the pipeline.

Pre-Processing / Transformer
This is the first stage when raw data enters the pipeline. Here, the data is filtered and formatted data is cleaned and transformed into a more usable format for analysis. Meticulous data preparation ensures accuracy, consistency, and reliability, laying the foundation for meaningful insights and informed decisions.

Routes/ Loader
This component’s primary role is to forward the pre-processed data to its designated path for processing. Systems typically use a set of filters to identify a subset of received events and deliver that data to a specific pipeline for processing.

Processor
Data matched by a given Route is delivered to a logical Pipeline. Pipelines are the heart of data processing and are composed of individual functions that operate on the data they receive. When events enter a Pipeline, they’re processed by a series of Functions.

At its core, a Function is code that executes on an event. The term “processing” means a variety of possible options: string replacement, obfuscation, encryption, event-to-metrics conversions, etc. For example, a Pipeline can be composed of several Functions – one that replaces the term “foo” with “bar,” another one that hashes “bar,” and a final one that adds a field (say, dc=jfk-42) to any event that matches source==’us-nyc-application.log’.

Destinations
The final stage of the pipeline data processing is forwarding the data to the final destination. This can include data stores, systems of analysis, or many others.

Data Pipeline Use Cases

Data pipelines allow administrators to process machine data – logs, instrumentation data, application data, metrics, etc. – in real-time, and deliver them to your analysis platform of choice. It allows you to:

  • Add context to your data, by enriching it with information from external data sources.
  • Help secure your data, by redacting, obfuscating, or encrypting sensitive fields.
  • Optimize your data, per your performance and cost requirements.
Data Pipelines are used by administrators, managers, and users of operational/DevOps and security intelligence products and services.
Want to learn more?
Download our Solution Brief titled Modern Data Pipelines for Fast and Scalable Analytics where we’ll show how Cribl Stream and DataSet enable access to all data across the enterprise at scale, while managing costs, and driving collaboration between engineering, IT, DevOps and security teams.
Solution Brief

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